Cloxacillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested.

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Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (Adult):
Usual Dose: 250 mg orally every 6 hours for 7 to 14 days, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Maximum dose: 4 g/day.
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (Pediatric):
Usual Dose: The safety and efficacy of cloxacillin in children < 1 year have not been established.
≥ 1 year to 18 years: 50 to 100 mg/kg/day orally divided every 6 hours.
Maximum dose: 4 g/day.
Pneumonia (Adult):
Usual Dose: 500 mg orally every 6 hours for up to 21 days, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Maximum dose: 4 g/day.
Pneumonia (Pediatric):
Usual Dose: The safety and efficacy of cloxacillin in children < 1 year have not been established.
≥ 1 year to 18 years: 50 to 100 mg/kg/day orally divided every 6 hours.
Maximum dose: 4 g/day.
Skin and Structure Infection (Adult):
Usual Dose: 500 mg orally every 6 hours for 7 days, or until 3 days after acute inflammation resolves, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
Maximum dose: 4 g/day.
Skin and Structure Infection (Pediatric):
Usual Dose: The safety and efficacy of cloxacillin in children < 1 year have not been established.
≥ 1 year to 18 years: 50 to 100 mg/kg/day orally divided every 6 hours.
Maximum dose: 4 g/day.
Cystitis:
Usual Adult Dose: 250 mg orally every 6 hours for 3 to 7 days, depending on the nature and severity of the infection. Cloxacillin is rarely indicated for the treatment of cystitis.
Maximum dose: 4 g/day.